[1] Pasquale's first experience at traveling was in 1869 when he performed his military duty at the age of 18.  He probably walked, but trains had existed in Italy since 1837, and if Fuscaldo was on the rail line by 1869, he might have taken it to Cosenza. 

[2] When he was 25 in 1876, he made his first work trip to Brazil, and later did the same thing three more times.  His last trip was in1896.  My grandfather, Pasquale D'Elia, was truly a remarkable man.  He came from one of Italy's poorest regions (Calabria) and had no formal education. Yet, he dared to migrate to Brazil four times, travel on ships, and spend long periods of time in a strange land separated from his loved ones.  It was through his sacrifice, that he earned the means to take his family out of feudalism by purchasing his own house and properties.  Finally, he set an example for his son, my father, who followed in his footsteps and also was brave enough to start a new life in the United States to better his own and his family's status.  None of this would have been possible, however, without the availability of the freedom and means to travel. 

[3] My grandfather, as the land owner's massaio (the one in charge of the owner's animals) had the additional responsibility of taking a wagon pulled by two-oxen and loaded with farm produce to the landowner's home in Cosenza about 45 kilometers inland from Fuscaldo.  He did this as often as once per week in harvest season and less frequently otherwise.  The road he used was extremely difficult.  I have traveled on it often by car, and the first time for me was in 1968.  When I drove this road (i vuoti delle palomari) that connected Paola to Cosenza it was paved, two-lanes and picturesque.  Paola is at about 94, and Cosenza at about 240 meters above sea level.  Cosenza is 35 kilometers inland from Paola, and it was quite a climb along the Crocetta Pass that weaved itself through the coastal range up to heights of about 700 meters.  The road consisted of one hairpin curve after another.  I often wonder how Grandpa manuevered his two-oxen wagon up that steep incline, down equally steep hills, and around those unforgiving turns.